With the exception of the North Water Terminal, the terminals had predated the Loop's construction and opening.[lower-alpha 1] The railroads had opened between 1892 and 1895, with the exception of the Northwestern. The Loop, having been planned and agreed upon by the companies in 1894, was constructed and opened in phases between 1895 and 1897. The old terminals were then closed.
However, the Loop frequently overflowed, so the terminals were reopened or rebuilt in the early 20th century to accommodate excess traffic during rush hours. The Northwestern, despite not opening until well after Loop service had begun, built a terminal over North Water Street. In addition to their role in overflow traffic, they served various interurbans that ran on "L" trackage–the Congress Terminal served the North Shore Line, while the Wells Street Terminal was the eastern end of the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad (CA&E).
The Loop's chronic congestion was resolved by the construction of the State Street subway in 1943 and the Dearborn Street subway in 1951, while the interurbans declined in the same era. The Market Street terminal and Randolph Street station were both closed in 1948 and demolished shortly thereafter. "L" service to the Congress Terminal was discontinued in 1949, and that to the Wells Street Terminal in 1951. However, the CA&E continued using the Wells Street Terminal until 1953, and the North Shore Line continued to use the Congress Terminal for luggage until 1963. All of the stub terminals have been demolished and few traces remain of them.
While right of way was fairly easy to acquire outside of the downtown area, retail opposition to elevated railroads in the central business district hindered efforts to serve it. All three "L" companies in operation settled on building terminals on the outer edges of downtown. Although each company intended to improve its terminal, Charles Tyson Yerkes conceived of the idea of looping trackage to be operated by all four companies, which was readily agreed to.
The Lake Street operated eastward on its eponymous street until it reached Market Street, thence turning south to Madison where its terminal was held. It had another station on Randolph Street on its Market Street trackage.
The Metropolitan opened originally to Canal, but after a week extended across the Chicago River to Franklin Street.
North Water Terminal
Unlike the other three companies, the Northwestern did not begin operation until 1900, well after the Loop was in operation. Nevertheless, it also saw fit to construct a stub terminal to handle overflow traffic.
Post-Loop era
The Loop overflowed, and the terminals were rebuilt or reopened to accommodate the excess.
The Blue Line is a 26.93-mile-long (43.34 km) Chicago "L" line which extends through The Loop from O'Hare International Airport at the far northwest end of the city, through downtown via the Milwaukee–Dearborn subway and across the West Side to its southwest end at Forest Park, with a total of 33 stations. At about 27 miles, it is the longest line on the Chicago "L" system and second busiest, and one of the longest local subway/elevated lines in the world. It has an average of 47,120 passengers boarding each weekday in 2021.
The Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad, also known as the North Shore Line, was an interurban railroad that operated passenger and freight service over an 88.9-mile (143.1 km) route between the Chicago Loop and downtown Milwaukee, as well as an 8.6-mile (13.8 km) branch line between the villages of Lake Bluff and Mundelein, Illinois. The North Shore Line also provided streetcar, city bus and motor coach services along its interurban route.
The Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad (CA&E), known colloquially as the "Roarin' Elgin" or the "Great Third Rail", was an interurban railroad that operated passenger and freight service on its line between Chicago and Aurora, Batavia, Geneva, St. Charles, and Elgin, Illinois. The railroad also operated a small branch to Mt. Carmel Cemetery in Hillside and owned a branch line to Westchester.
Wells Street Terminal was a stub-end downtown terminal on the 'L' in Chicago, Illinois, located at Wells Street between Jackson Boulevard and Van Buren Street. The terminal was in operation from 1904 to 1953.
The Loop is the 1.79-mile (2.88 km) long circuit of elevated rail that forms the hub of the Chicago "L" system in the United States. As of 2012, the branch served 74,651 passengers every weekday. The Loop is so named because the elevated tracks loop around a rectangle formed by Lake Street, Wabash Avenue (east), Van Buren Street (south), and Wells Street (west). The railway loop has given its name to Chicago's downtown, which is also known as the Loop.
Fifth/Lake was a station on the Union Elevated Railroad's line, which is now part of the Loop section of the Chicago "L". The station was located at Fifth Avenue and Lake Street in downtown Chicago. Fifth/Lake opened on September 22, 1895, as one of three stations on the Lake Street Elevated Railroad's "Wabash extension". This extension became the Lake Street leg of the Loop upon its completion. Always intended to be temporary as Fifth Avenue was chosen to be the western leg of the Loop, the station closed on December 17, 1899, and was demolished shortly thereafter.
The Northwestern Elevated Railroad was the last of the privately constructed rapid transit lines to be built in Chicago. The line ran from the Loop in downtown Chicago north to Wilson Avenue in Chicago's Uptown neighborhood with a branch to Ravenswood and Albany Park that left the main line at Clark Street. The Ravenswood line is now operated as the Brown Line, while the Main Line is used by the Purple and Red Lines.
The Metropolitan main line was a rapid transit line of the Chicago "L" system from 1895 to 1958. It ran west from downtown to a junction at Marshfield station. At this point the Garfield Park branch continued westward, while the Douglas Park branch turned south, and the Logan Square branch turned north with the Humboldt Park branch branching from it. In addition to serving the Chicago "L", its tracks and those of the Garfield Park branch also carried the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad, an interurban that served Chicago's western suburbs, between 1905 and 1953.
The Lake–Dan Ryan Line was a rail rapid transit route formerly operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). The Lake–Dan Ryan Line existed from the opening of the Dan Ryan branch on September 28, 1969, until February 21, 1993. When created, the route united two transit corridors that until 1969 never had through rail service. This routing, which became known as the West-South route, operated from the Harlem terminal in Forest Park on the Lake Street "L" through downtown Chicago along the Union Loop "L", and then via the old South Side "L" and the new Dan Ryan Line to the 95th Street Terminal. The Lake–Dan Ryan service was planned in conjunction with the former Franklin Street Connector and Chicago Central Area Transit Project, both of which were never constructed. The section of the route between the junction with the South Side "L" at 17th and State Streets and the Cermak–Chinatown Station was originally an "interim", or temporary facility. It was planned to be torn down when the Loop Subway system was completed, but survived after the project was cancelled in 1979. That section was improved in the 1980s and early 1990s and is currently being used by the Orange Line. Train transfers are possible by using the two unused tracks.
The Lake Street Elevated, also known as the Lake branch, is a 8.75 mi (14.08 km) long branch of the Chicago "L" which is located west of the Chicago Loop and serves the Green Line for its entire length, as well as the Pink Line east of Ashland Avenue. As of February 2013, the branch serves an average of 27,217 passengers each weekday. It serves the Near West Side, East Garfield Park, West Garfield Park, and Austin neighborhoods of Chicago, as well as the suburbs Oak Park and Forest Park. It owes its name to Lake Street, the street that the branch overlooks for 6.25 mi (10.06 km) before continuing its route straight west, adjacent to South Boulevard, towards the terminus at Harlem/Lake.
The Garfield Park Branch was a rapid transit line which was part of the Chicago "L" system from 1895 to 1958. The branch served Chicago's Near West Side, East Garfield Park, West Garfield Park, and Austin neighborhoods, and the suburbs of Oak Park, and Forest Park, and consisted of twenty-two stations. It opened on June 19, 1895 and closed on June 22, 1958, when it was replaced by the Congress branch of the Blue Line.
The Logan Square branch was an elevated rapid transit line of the Chicago "L", where it was one of the branches of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad. Diverging north from the Metropolitan's main line west of Marshfield station, it opened in 1895 and served Chicago's Logan Square and West Town neighborhoods. North of Damen station, the Humboldt Park branch diverged from the Logan Square branch, going west to serve Humboldt Park. The original Logan Square branch was separated into several sections in 1951, some of which remain in revenue service as of 2023.
The Franklin Street Terminal was a rapid transit station on the Chicago "L" that was the eastern terminus of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad from 1895 to 1897. The Metropolitan had intended to construct its eastern end at Fifth Avenue, a block east of Franklin Street, but right-of-way acquisition costs had proven prohibitive so it settled on Franklin Street to house its terminal and offices. Rather than demolish the buildings on the site, the company opted to gut their second and third floors and run its tracks through them.
The Lake Street Transfer station was a rapid transit station on the Chicago "L", serving as a transfer station between its Lake Street Elevated Railroad and the Logan Square branch of its Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad. Located where the Logan Square branch crossed over the Lake Street Elevated, it was in service from 1913 to 1951, when it was rendered obsolete by the opening of the Dearborn Street subway.
The Market Street Terminal was a station on the Chicago "L"'s Lake Street Elevated – today part of the Green Line – between 1893 and 1948. The Elevated's original downtown terminus, it opened at the corner of Madison Street and Market Street on November 6, 1893, alongside the rest of the Elevated. When the Loop was constructed in 1895, the Terminal was required to be demolished but no action was taken. When it closed in 1948, only overflow traffic served it. It was demolished shortly thereafter for the construction of double-decked Wacker Drive.
Marshfield was a rapid transit station on the Chicago "L". Constructed by the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad, it was the westernmost station of the Metropolitan's main line, which then diverged into three branches: the northwestern Logan Square branch, the western Garfield Park branch, and the southwestern Douglas Park branch. The station was in service from 1895 to 1954, when it, alongside the main line and the Garfield Park branch, was demolished to make way for the Eisenhower Expressway and rapid-transit Congress Line in its median. In addition to its use on the "L", Marshfield was served by the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad (CA&E), an interurban that used the Garfield Park branch and main line's tracks, between 1905 and 1953.
Laflin was a rapid transit station operated by the Chicago "L"'s Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad and located on its main line. The station existed from 1895 to 1951, when it was closed due to low ridership. The entire main line would soon be demolished for construction of the Eisenhower Expressway and its Congress Line, and the niche served by the Laflin would be filled by an entrance on the new line's Racine station.
Canal was a rapid transit station located on the Metropolitan main line of the Chicago "L" that was in service from 1895 to 1958, when the entire main line was replaced by the Congress Line located in the median of the nearby Eisenhower Expressway. Starting in 1927, the interurban Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad (CA&E) also served the station, continuing until 1953. The station connected with Chicago's Union Station, which was one of the city's rail terminals.
Randolph/Market was a station on the Chicago "L"'s Lake Street Elevated, serving its Market Street stub between the main line and the Market Street Terminal. It was the only intermediate station on the Market Street stub, and on any of Chicago's terminal stubs. It opened with the rest of the Elevated on November 6, 1893. After the Loop was built downtown, only overflow and express services ran on the Market Street stub. The stub, and Randolph station, closed on April 5, 1948, and was demolished shortly afterwards.
Kedzie was a rapid transit station on the Chicago "L", serving the Garfield Park branch of its Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad, from 1895 to 1958. Between 1905 and 1953, it also served the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad (CA&E), an interurban using Garfield Park tracks, between 1905 and 1953.
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